4 July 2025
UNLOCK THE POWER OF DATA
IN CONSTRUCTION
Dive into the world of data-driven construction with this accessible guide, perfect for professionals and novices alike.
From the basics of data management to cutting-edge trends in digital transformation, this book
will be your comprehensive guide to using data in the construction industry.
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23 June 2025
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analystassetdecisionformatinformationmanagerrecordriskstructureSYSTEMATIZATION OF REQUIREMENTS AND VALIDATION OF INFORMATIONtext
066 Requirements gathering and analysis transforming communications into structured data
Collecting and managing requirements is the first step to ensuring data quality. Despite the development of digital tools, most requirements are still formulated in an unstructured way: through letters, meeting minutes, phone calls and verbal...
entityformatinformationperformancepythonstructureSYSTEMATIZATION OF REQUIREMENTS AND VALIDATION OF INFORMATIONtabletextVerificationWorkflow
068 Structured Requirements and RegEx regular expressions
Up to 80% of data created in companies is in unstructured or semi-structured formats (“Structured and unstructured data: What’s the Difference?,” 2024) – text, documents, letters, PDF -files, conversations. Such data (Fig. 4.4-1) is difficult...
designentityformatinformationinputinterfacemanagerprocessSYSTEMATIZATION OF REQUIREMENTS AND VALIDATION OF INFORMATIONtableVerification
069 Data collection for the verification process
Before starting validation, it is important to make sure that the data are available in a form suitable for the validation process. This means not just having the information available, but preparing it: the data...
designentityformatinformationmanagerPandasperformanceSYSTEMATIZATION OF REQUIREMENTS AND VALIDATION OF INFORMATIONtabletextVerification
070 Verification of data and results of verification
All new data entering the system – be it documents, tables or database entries from the client, architect, engineer, foreman, logistician or property manager – must be validated against the requirements formulated earlier (Fig. 4.4-9)....
AuditcostdecisionformatinformationinputmanagerreportSYSTEMATIZATION OF REQUIREMENTS AND VALIDATION OF INFORMATIONtoolVerification
071 Visualization of verification results
Visualization is an essential tool for interpreting inspection results. In addition to the usual summary tables, it can include dashboards, diagrams, and automatically generated PDF documents that group project elements by inspection status. Color coding...
decisionevaluationfeedbackinformationperformancepredictionprocessriskSYSTEMATIZATION OF REQUIREMENTS AND VALIDATION OF INFORMATIONtabletool
072 Comparison of data quality checks with human life needs
Despite the constant development of data quality control methods and tools, the fundamental principle of information compliance remains unchanged. This principle is built into the foundation of a mature management system, whether in business or...
attributeConstructioncostformatinformationprocessschedulingstandardizationSYSTEMATIZATION OF REQUIREMENTS AND VALIDATION OF INFORMATIONtabletransformation
073 Next steps turning data into accurate calculations and plans
In this part we looked at how to convert unstructured data into a structured format, develop data models and organize processes for checking the quality of information in construction projects. Data management, standardization and classification...
accuracycalculationcostCOST CALCULATIONS AND ESTIMATES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSERPForecastingplanningprocessrecordreportrisk
074 Construction basics estimating quantity, cost and time
Among the many business processes that determine the sustainability of a company in the construction industry, of particular importance – as they were thousands of years ago – are the processes for accurately estimating the...
ConstructioncostCOST CALCULATIONS AND ESTIMATES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSdatainformationlearningmachineprojectresourcetaskvalue
075 Methods of calculating the estimated cost of projects
A variety of estimating methods are used by costing professionals, each focusing on a specific type of data, availability of information, and level of project detail. The most common include: Resource-based method: estimating the estimated...
ConstructioncostCOST CALCULATIONS AND ESTIMATES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSEstimationevaluationinformationmanagementplanningprojectresourcesource
076 Resource-based method estimates and costing in construction
Resource-based costing is a method of management accounting, in which the cost of a project is formed on the basis of direct accounting of all resources involved. In construction, this approach involves a detailed analysis...
accuracyConstructioncostCOST CALCULATIONS AND ESTIMATES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSdataDatabaseinformationmanagementprojectresourcerisk
077 Database of construction resources catalog of construction materials and works
A database or table of construction resources and materials – includes detailed information about each element that can be used in a construction project – a commodity, product, material or service, including its name, description,...
accuracyanalystcostCOST CALCULATIONS AND ESTIMATES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSentityfeedbackinformationprocessriskstructuretable
078 Calculation of calculations and costing of works on the basis of resource base
Having filled the “Construction Resource Database” (Fig. 5.1-3) with entities-minimum units, you can start creating calculations, which are calculated for each process or work on the construction site for certain units of measurement: for example,...
attributecostCOST CALCULATIONS AND ESTIMATES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSdesigndrawingsentityinformationmanageroperationprocesstable
079 Final project costing from estimates to budget
State and industry-specific estimating standards play different roles in construction practice in different countries. While some countries require strict adherence to a single standard, most developed economies adopt a more flexible approach. In market economies,...
attributecostentityERPGeometryinformationmodelplanningprocessQUANTITY TAKE-OFF AND AUTOMATIC CREATION OF ESTIMATES AND SCHEDULESsource
080 Moving from 3D to 4D and 5D using volumetric and quantitative parameters
With the costing tables with the described processes through the resources (Fig. 5.1-8) in hand, the next step is to automatically obtain the volume or quantity parameters for a group of elements that are needed...
APIdesignformatinformationinterfacelearningmanagerprocurementQUANTITY TAKE-OFF AND AUTOMATIC CREATION OF ESTIMATES AND SCHEDULESstructuretable
082 QTO Quantity Take-Off grouping project data by attributes
QTO (Quantity Take-Off) in construction is the process of extracting the quantitative characteristics of the elements required to realize a project. In practice, QTO is often a semi-manual process involving data collection from various sources:...
APIdesigninformationinterfacelearningPandasQUANTITY TAKE-OFF AND AUTOMATIC CREATION OF ESTIMATES AND SCHEDULESquerystructuretabletext
083 QTO automation using LLM and structured data
Translating unstructured data into a structured form significantly improves the efficiency of various processes: it simplifies data processing (Fig. 4.1-1, Fig. 4.1-2) and speeds up the validation process by making the requirements clear and transparent,...
costdesigndwgentityformatPandaspythonQUANTITY TAKE-OFF AND AUTOMATIC CREATION OF ESTIMATES AND SCHEDULESquerytabletext
084 QTO calculation of the entire project using group rules from an Excel spreadsheet
In real construction projects, it is often necessary to perform aggregation by several attributes simultaneously within one group of elements. For example, when working with the category “Windows” (where the Category attribute contains values like...
4D-6D and Calculation of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsConstructioncostdataDatabasedesignEstimationprocurementprojectresourceschedulingUncategorized
085 4D model integrating time into construction estimates
In addition to costing, one of the key applications of design data in construction is the determination of time parameters, both for individual construction operations and for the entire project. The resource-based estimating method and...
4D-6D and Calculation of Carbon Dioxide EmissionscostdecisionERPformatplanningprocesstabletextTimelinetoolUncategorized
086 Construction schedule and its automation based on costing data
The construction schedule is a visual representation of the plan of activities and processes to be performed as part of the project implementation. It is created on the basis of detailed resource calculations (Fig. 5.3-1),...
4D-6D and Calculation of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsattributeConstructiondesignGeometryinformationmeshmodelmodelingoperationschedulingUncategorized
087 Extended attribute layers 6D -8D from energy efficiency to safety assurance
6D, 7D and 8D are extended levels of information modeling, each of which contributes additional layers of attributes to the comprehensive project information model, the basis of which are the attributes of the 3D -model...
4D-6D and Calculation of Carbon Dioxide EmissionsaccuracydesignERPinformationlinkingmodelprocessreporttabletransformationUncategorized
088 Estimating CO₂ and calculating carbon dioxide emissions from construction projects
In addition to the topic of sustainability of construction projects at stage 6D (Fig. 5.3-5), modern construction focuses on the environmental sustainability of projects, where one of the key aspects becomes the assessment and minimization...
CONSTRUCTION ERP AND PMIS SYSTEMSdecisiondesigninformationlearningmanagermonitorplatformreportschedulingtable
089 Construction ERP -systems on the example of calculations and estimates
Modular ERP systems integrate various attribute (information) layers and data flows into a single comprehensive system, allowing project managers to manage resources, finances, logistics and other aspects of a project in a synchronized manner within...
ConstructionCONSTRUCTION ERP AND PMIS SYSTEMSERPinformationplanningplatformprocurementreportsoftwaresystemtool
090 PMIS Intermediate between ERP and the construction site
Unlike ERP, which covers the entire chain of a company’s business processes, PMIS focuses on managing a specific project, monitoring timelines, budgets, resources and documentation. PMIS (Project Management Information System) is construction project management software...
applicationarchitectureCONSTRUCTION ERP AND PMIS SYSTEMScostdesigninformationinterfaceplanningplatformreporttool
092 The end of the era of closed ERP PMIS the construction industry needs new approaches
The use of bulky modular ERP/PMIS -systems consisting of tens of millions of lines of code makes any changes in them extremely difficult. At the same time, the transition to a new platform with modules...
accuracyCONSTRUCTION ERP AND PMIS SYSTEMScostdecisionextractioninformationpythonschedulingsoftwarestandardizationtransformation
093 Next steps efficient use of project data
In this part, we have shown how structured data becomes the basis for accurate cost and schedule calculations for construction projects. Automating the QTO, scheduling and estimating processes reduces labor costs and significantly improves the...
AnalyticsAPIdesigndrawingsEMERGENCE OF BIM-CONCEPTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYinformationInteroperabilityplatformprocesssourcetool
094 History of the emergence of BIM and open BIM as marketing concepts of CAD- vendors
With the advent of digital data in the 1990s, computer technology was introduced not only in business processes but also in design processes, leading to concepts such as CAD (computer-aided design systems) and later, BIM...
ConstructioncostdesigndigitalizationEMERGENCE OF BIM-CONCEPTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYformatinformationprocesssoftwarestructuretool
095 The reality of BIM instead of integrated databases – closed modular systems
Instead of focusing on data, structuring it and integrating it into unified processes, users of CAD – (BIM-) systems are forced to work with a fragmented set of proprietary solutions, each dictating its own rules...
accuracyapplicationdesignEMERGENCE OF BIM-CONCEPTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYformatframeworkGeometryinformationInteroperabilitysoftwarestructure
096 The emergence of the open format IFC in the construction industry
The so-called open format IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) is positioned as a standard to ensure interoperability between different CAD (BIM -) systems. Its development was carried out within the framework of organizations that were created...
designEMERGENCE OF BIM-CONCEPTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYformatinformationInteroperabilitymodelontologyplatformprocesssourcetool
097 IFC format problem depending on geometric core
In most cases, when the geometry in IFC is defined parametrically (BREP), it becomes impossible to visualize or retrieve geometric properties, such as volume or area of project entities, with only an IFC file, because...
CSVdecisionEMERGENCE OF BIM-CONCEPTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYformatgraphInteroperabilityontologyRDFsqltableunification
098 Appearance in the construction of the topic of semantics and ontology
Thanks to the ideas of the semantic web in the late 1990s and the efforts of organizations involved in the development of the IFC format, semantics and ontologies have become some of the key elements...
AnalyticsEMERGENCE OF BIM-CONCEPTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYformatinformationInteroperabilityJSONlearningontologyPandasSPARQLstructure
099 Why semantic technologies fail to live up to expectations in the construction industry
Other industries have faced the limitations of technologies for using semantics. In the gaming industry, attempts to describe game objects and their interactions through ontologies have proven ineffective due to the high dynamics of change....
CLOSED PROJECT FORMATS AND INTEROPERABILITY ISSUEScostCSVdecisiondesignformatInteroperabilityJSONmanagerstructureunification
100 Closed data and falling productivity the dead end of the CAD industry (BIM)
The proprietary nature of CAD -systems has led to the fact that each program has its own unique data format, which is either closed and inaccessible from the outside – RVT, PLN, DWG, NDW, NWD,...
CLOSED PROJECT FORMATS AND INTEROPERABILITY ISSUESdesigndwgERPformatinformationInteroperabilityplatformsourcesqlstructure
101 The myth of interoperability between CAD systems
If in the mid-1990s the key direction of interoperability development in the CAD environment was the breaking of the proprietary DWG format – culminating in the victory of the Open DWG alliance (А. Boiko, “The...
AnalyticsCLOSED PROJECT FORMATS AND INTEROPERABILITY ISSUESCSVdesignERPformatinformationJSONlogicprocesstransformation
102 Transition to USD and granular data
The emergence of the AOUSD alliance (Apple.com, “Pixar, Adobe, Apple and NVIDIA form Alliance for OpenUSD to drive open standards for 3D content,” August 1, 2023) in 2023 marks an important turn in the construction...
accuracyBudgetingcostdesigndrawingsERPGEOMETRY IN CONSTRUCTION: FROM LINES TO CUBIC METERSinformationinterfacetooltransformation
103 When lines turn into money or why builders need geometry
Geometry in construction is not only a visualization, but also the basis for accurate quantitative calculations. In the project model, geometry supplements the lists of element parameters (Fig. 3.1-16) with important volumetric characteristics such as...
accuracycalculationformatframeworkGeometryGEOMETRY IN CONSTRUCTION: FROM LINES TO CUBIC METERSmodelprocesssoftwaretooltransformation
104 From lines to volumes How area and volume become data
In engineering practice, volumes and areas are computed from geometric surfaces described analytically or through parametric models such as NURBS (nonuniform rational B-splines) within the BREP (boundary element representation) framework. NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) is...
accuracyarchitecturedesignformatGEOMETRY IN CONSTRUCTION: FROM LINES TO CUBIC METERSgraphinformationInteroperabilityprocesssourcestructure
105 Moving to MESH, USD and polygons using tessellation for geometry
In the construction industry, when streaming, developing systems, databases or automating processes that work with design information and feature geometry, it is important to strive for independence from specific CAD editors and geometry kernels. The...
accuracydesigndrawingsdwgGEOMETRY IN CONSTRUCTION: FROM LINES TO CUBIC METERSinformationmodeloperationprocessstandardizationstructure
106 LOD, LOI, LOMD – unique classification of detailing in CAD (BIM)
In addition to geometric representation formats, in a world where different industries use different levels of detail and depth of data, CAD – (BIM-) methodologies offer their own unique classification systems, which structure the approach...
assetdesignentityevaluationformatGEOMETRY IN CONSTRUCTION: FROM LINES TO CUBIC METERSinformationInteroperabilityPandasplatformtable
107 New CAD standards (BIM) – AIA, BEP, IDS, LOD, COBie
Taking advantage of the lack of open access to CAD databases and limited competition in the data processing market, and using marketing campaigns related to the new acronym BIM, organizations involved in developing approaches to...
AnalyticsAPIarchitecturedesignDESIGN PARAMETERIZATION AND USE OF LLM FOR CAD OPERATIONformatinformationplatformstructuretabletransformation
108 The illusion of uniqueness of CAD data (BIM) the path to analytics and open formats
Modern CAD (BIM) platforms have significantly transformed the approach to design and construction information management. While previously these tools were mainly used to create drawings and 3D models, today they serve as full-fledged repositories of...
