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The sixth part presents a critical analysis of the evolution of CAD and BIM -technologies and their impact on data management processes in construction. It traces the historical transformation of the BIM concept from the original idea of an integrated database to the current marketing con-structs promoted by software vendors. The impact of proprietary formats and closed systems on the efficiency of project data handling and overall performance of the construction industry is evaluated. The problems of compatibility of various CAD-systems and difficulties of their integration with business processes of construction companies are analyzed in detail. Cur-rent trends in the transition to simplified open data formats, such as USD, and their potential impact on the industry are discussed. Alternative ap-proaches to extracting information from closed systems are presented, in-cluding reverse engineering techniques. Prospects for the application of arti-ficial intelligence and machine learning to automate design and data analysis processes in construction are analyzed. Forecasts for the development of design technologies focused on the real needs of users rather than on the interests of software vendors are formulated.
094 History of the emergence of BIM and open BIM as marketing concepts of CAD- vendors
With the advent of digital data in the 1990s, computer technology was introduced not only in business processes but also in design processes, leading to concepts such as CAD (computer-aided design systems) and later, BIM...
095 The reality of BIM instead of integrated databases – closed modular systems
Instead of focusing on data, structuring it and integrating it into unified processes, users of CAD – (BIM-) systems are forced to work with a fragmented set of proprietary solutions, each dictating its own rules...
096 The emergence of the open format IFC in the construction industry
The so-called open format IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) is positioned as a standard to ensure interoperability between different CAD (BIM -) systems. Its development was carried out within the framework of organizations that were created...
097 IFC format problem depending on geometric core
In most cases, when the geometry in IFC is defined parametrically (BREP), it becomes impossible to visualize or retrieve geometric properties, such as volume or area of project entities, with only an IFC file, because...
098 Appearance in the construction of the topic of semantics and ontology
Thanks to the ideas of the semantic web in the late 1990s and the efforts of organizations involved in the development of the IFC format, semantics and ontologies have become some of the key elements...
099 Why semantic technologies fail to live up to expectations in the construction industry
Other industries have faced the limitations of technologies for using semantics. In the gaming industry, attempts to describe game objects and their interactions through ontologies have proven ineffective due to the high dynamics of change....
100 Closed data and falling productivity the dead end of the CAD industry (BIM)
The proprietary nature of CAD -systems has led to the fact that each program has its own unique data format, which is either closed and inaccessible from the outside – RVT, PLN, DWG, NDW, NWD,...
101 The myth of interoperability between CAD systems
If in the mid-1990s the key direction of interoperability development in the CAD environment was the breaking of the proprietary DWG format – culminating in the victory of the Open DWG alliance (А. Boiko, “The...
102 Transition to USD and granular data
The emergence of the AOUSD alliance (Apple.com, “Pixar, Adobe, Apple and NVIDIA form Alliance for OpenUSD to drive open standards for 3D content,” August 1, 2023) in 2023 marks an important turn in the construction...
103 When lines turn into money or why builders need geometry
Geometry in construction is not only a visualization, but also the basis for accurate quantitative calculations. In the project model, geometry supplements the lists of element parameters (Fig. 3.1-16) with important volumetric characteristics such as...
104 From lines to volumes How area and volume become data
In engineering practice, volumes and areas are computed from geometric surfaces described analytically or through parametric models such as NURBS (nonuniform rational B-splines) within the BREP (boundary element representation) framework. NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) is...
105 Moving to MESH, USD and polygons using tessellation for geometry
In the construction industry, when streaming, developing systems, databases or automating processes that work with design information and feature geometry, it is important to strive for independence from specific CAD editors and geometry kernels. The...
106 LOD, LOI, LOMD – unique classification of detailing in CAD (BIM)
In addition to geometric representation formats, in a world where different industries use different levels of detail and depth of data, CAD – (BIM-) methodologies offer their own unique classification systems, which structure the approach...
107 New CAD standards (BIM) – AIA, BEP, IDS, LOD, COBie
Taking advantage of the lack of open access to CAD databases and limited competition in the data processing market, and using marketing campaigns related to the new acronym BIM, organizations involved in developing approaches to...
108 The illusion of uniqueness of CAD data (BIM) the path to analytics and open formats
Modern CAD (BIM) platforms have significantly transformed the approach to design and construction information management. While previously these tools were mainly used to create drawings and 3D models, today they serve as full-fledged repositories of...
109 Design through parameters the future of CAD and BIM
No construction project in the world has ever started in a CAD program. Before a drawing or model takes shape in CAD, it passes through the conceptualization stage (Fig. 6.4-1, stages 1-2), where the focus...
110 Emergence of LLM in design CAD data processing processes
In addition to the development of CAD database access tools and open and simplified CAD -formats, the emergence of LLM -tools (Large Language Models) is revolutionizing the processing of design data. Whereas previously the access...
111 Automated analysis of DWG -files with LLM and Pandas
The process of data processing from DWG -files due to the unstructured nature of the information – has always been a complex task, requiring specialized software and often manual analysis. However, with the development of...
112 Next steps moving from closed formats to open data
When working with the design data of the future, it is unlikely that anyone really needs to understand the geometric kernels of proprietary tools or learn hundreds of incompatible formats containing the same information. However,...
