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The fifth part is devoted to practical aspects of using data to optimize costing and planning of construction projects. The resource-based method of cost es-timating and the automation of calculation processes are analyzed in detail. Methods of automated obtaining of quantities (Quantity Take-Off) from CAD (BIM)-models and their integration with calculation systems are considered. 4D and 5D modeling technologies for time scheduling and construction cost man-agement are explored, with specific examples of their application. An analysis of extended information layers 6D -8D, providing an integrated approach to as-sessing the sustainability, operation and safety of real estate objects, is pre-sented. The methods of calculating carbon footprint and ESG -indicators of construction projects in the context of modern environmental requirements and standards are discussed in detail. The possibilities and limitations of traditional ERP and PMIS systems in the management of construction processes are criti-cally evaluated, analyzing their impact on pricing transparency. Prospects of transition from closed solutions to open standards and flexible data analysis tools capable of ensuring greater efficiency of construction processes are pre-dicted.
074 Construction basics estimating quantity, cost and time
Among the many business processes that determine the sustainability of a company in the construction industry, of particular importance – as they were thousands of years ago – are the processes for accurately estimating the...
075 Methods of calculating the estimated cost of projects
A variety of estimating methods are used by costing professionals, each focusing on a specific type of data, availability of information, and level of project detail. The most common include: Resource-based method: estimating the estimated...
076 Resource-based method estimates and costing in construction
Resource-based costing is a method of management accounting, in which the cost of a project is formed on the basis of direct accounting of all resources involved. In construction, this approach involves a detailed analysis...
077 Database of construction resources catalog of construction materials and works
A database or table of construction resources and materials – includes detailed information about each element that can be used in a construction project – a commodity, product, material or service, including its name, description,...
078 Calculation of calculations and costing of works on the basis of resource base
Having filled the “Construction Resource Database” (Fig. 5.1-3) with entities-minimum units, you can start creating calculations, which are calculated for each process or work on the construction site for certain units of measurement: for example,...
079 Final project costing from estimates to budget
State and industry-specific estimating standards play different roles in construction practice in different countries. While some countries require strict adherence to a single standard, most developed economies adopt a more flexible approach. In market economies,...
080 Moving from 3D to 4D and 5D using volumetric and quantitative parameters
With the costing tables with the described processes through the resources (Fig. 5.1-8) in hand, the next step is to automatically obtain the volume or quantity parameters for a group of elements that are needed...
082 QTO Quantity Take-Off grouping project data by attributes
QTO (Quantity Take-Off) in construction is the process of extracting the quantitative characteristics of the elements required to realize a project. In practice, QTO is often a semi-manual process involving data collection from various sources:...
083 QTO automation using LLM and structured data
Translating unstructured data into a structured form significantly improves the efficiency of various processes: it simplifies data processing (Fig. 4.1-1, Fig. 4.1-2) and speeds up the validation process by making the requirements clear and transparent,...
084 QTO calculation of the entire project using group rules from an Excel spreadsheet
In real construction projects, it is often necessary to perform aggregation by several attributes simultaneously within one group of elements. For example, when working with the category “Windows” (where the Category attribute contains values like...
085 4D model integrating time into construction estimates
In addition to costing, one of the key applications of design data in construction is the determination of time parameters, both for individual construction operations and for the entire project. The resource-based estimating method and...
086 Construction schedule and its automation based on costing data
The construction schedule is a visual representation of the plan of activities and processes to be performed as part of the project implementation. It is created on the basis of detailed resource calculations (Fig. 5.3-1),...
087 Extended attribute layers 6D -8D from energy efficiency to safety assurance
6D, 7D and 8D are extended levels of information modeling, each of which contributes additional layers of attributes to the comprehensive project information model, the basis of which are the attributes of the 3D -model...
088 Estimating CO₂ and calculating carbon dioxide emissions from construction projects
In addition to the topic of sustainability of construction projects at stage 6D (Fig. 5.3-5), modern construction focuses on the environmental sustainability of projects, where one of the key aspects becomes the assessment and minimization...
089 Construction ERP -systems on the example of calculations and estimates
Modular ERP systems integrate various attribute (information) layers and data flows into a single comprehensive system, allowing project managers to manage resources, finances, logistics and other aspects of a project in a synchronized manner within...
090 PMIS Intermediate between ERP and the construction site
Unlike ERP, which covers the entire chain of a company’s business processes, PMIS focuses on managing a specific project, monitoring timelines, budgets, resources and documentation. PMIS (Project Management Information System) is construction project management software...
092 The end of the era of closed ERP PMIS the construction industry needs new approaches
The use of bulky modular ERP/PMIS -systems consisting of tens of millions of lines of code makes any changes in them extremely difficult. At the same time, the transition to a new platform with modules...
093 Next steps efficient use of project data
In this part, we have shown how structured data becomes the basis for accurate cost and schedule calculations for construction projects. Automating the QTO, scheduling and estimating processes reduces labor costs and significantly improves the...
